《花100块做个摸鱼小网站! 》第五篇—通过xxl-job定时获取热搜数据 点击关注公众号，“技术干货”及时达！ 一、前言我们已经成功实现了一个完整的热搜组件，从后端到前端，构建了这个小网站的核心功能。接下来，我们将不断完善其功能，使其更加美观和实用。今天的主题是如何定时获取热搜数据。如果热搜数据无法定时更新，小网站将失去其核心价值。之前，我采用了@Scheduled注解来实现定时任务，但这种方式灵活性不足，因此我决定用更灵活的XXL-Job组件来替代它。 二、xxl-job部署xxl-job是一个轻量级分布式任务调度平台，其核心设计目标是开发迅速、学习简单、轻量级、易扩展。目前github代码库star 27.3k，开源免费的，值得学习使用一下。 1. 代码库下载github代码库地址 下载下来后，代码库结构如下： 源码结构如下： xxl-job-admin：调度中心xxl-job-core：公共依赖xxl-job-executor-samples：执行器Sample示例（选择合适的版本执行器，可直接使用，也可以参考其并将现有项目改造成执行器） ：xxl-job-executor-sample-springboot：Springboot版本，通过Springboot管理执行器，推荐这种方式； ：xxl-job-executor-sample-frameless：无框架版本； 调度中心配置内容说明： ### 调度中心JDBC链接：链接地址请保持和 2.1章节 所创建的调度数据库的地址一致spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/xxl_job?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8&autoReconnect=true&serverTimezone=Asia/Shanghaispring.datasource.username=xxxspring.datasource.password=xxxspring.datasource.driver-class-name=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver ### 报警邮箱spring.mail.host=smtp.qq.comspring.mail.port=25spring.mail.username=xxx@qq.comspring.mail.password=xxxspring.mail.properties.mail.smtp.auth=truespring.mail.properties.mail.smtp.starttls.enable=truespring.mail.properties.mail.smtp.starttls.required=truespring.mail.properties.mail.smtp.socketFactory.class=javax.net.ssl.SSLSocketFactory ### 调度中心通讯TOKEN [选填]：非空时启用；xxl.job.accessToken= ### 调度中心国际化配置 [必填]：默认为 "zh_CN"/中文简体, 可选范围为 "zh_CN"/中文简体, "zh_TC"/中文繁体 and "en"/英文；xxl.job.i18n=zh_CN ## 调度线程池最大线程配置【必填】xxl.job.triggerpool.fast.max=200xxl.job.triggerpool.slow.max=100 ### 调度中心日志表数据保存天数 [必填]：过期日志自动清理；限制大于等于7时生效，否则, 如-1，关闭自动清理功能；xxl.job.logretentiondays=30 2. 表结构初始化在doc目录的 db目录下，有一个sql文件，里面有一些表和数据的初始化sql，我们要在执行XXL-Job之前要把表和数据准备好。 执行结束后，表如下： 3. 启动XXL-Job找到XxlJobAdminApplication，启动该应用，在浏览器输入：http://localhost:12000/xxl-job-admin/toLogin，会进入XXL-Job登录界面，如下： 输入用户名：admin；密码：123456点击登录进入主界面，如下： 三、自定义爬虫任务XXL-Job的使用也很简单，一个注解就好了，这里我说一下如何使用它。 1. 引入XXL-Job依赖在summo-sbmy-job的pom.xml下添加： !-- xxl-job --dependency groupIdcom.xuxueli/groupId artifactIdxxl-job-core/artifactId version2.4.1/version/dependency2. XXL-Job配置在application.preoperties文件中加入XXL-Job的配置，配置如下： # xxl-jobxxl.job.open=true### xxl-job admin address list, such as "http://address" or "http://address01,http://address02"xxl.job.admin.addresses=http://127.0.0.1:12000/xxl-job-admin### xxl-job, access tokenxxl.job.accessToken=default_token### xxl-job executor appnamexxl.job.executor.appname=summo-sbmy### xxl-job executor log-pathxxl.job.executor.logpath=/root/logs/xxl-job/jobhandler### xxl-job executor log-retention-daysxxl.job.executor.logretentiondays=30### xxl-job executor registry-address: default use address to registry , otherwise use ip:port if address is nullxxl.job.executor.address=### xxl-job executor server-infoxxl.job.executor.ip=xxl.job.executor.port=9999配置弄好之后，在com.summo.sbmy.job.config目录下创建一个config文件，创建XxlJobConfig.java，代码如下： package com.summo.sbmy.job.config; import com.xxl.job.core.executor.impl.XxlJobSpringExecutor;import org.slf4j.Logger;import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.ConditionalOnProperty;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; /** * xxl-job config * * @author xuxueli 2017-04-28 */@Configurationpublic class XxlJobConfig { private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(XxlJobConfig.class); @Value("${xxl.job.admin.addresses}") private String adminAddresses; @Value("${xxl.job.accessToken}") private String accessToken; @Value("${xxl.job.executor.appname}") private String appname; @Value("${xxl.job.executor.address}") private String address; @Value("${xxl.job.executor.ip}") private String ip; @Value("${xxl.job.executor.port}") private int port; @Value("${xxl.job.executor.logpath}") private String logPath; @Value("${xxl.job.executor.logretentiondays}") private int logRetentionDays; @Bean @ConditionalOnProperty(name = "xxl.job.open", havingValue = "true") public XxlJobSpringExecutor xxlJobExecutor() { logger.info(" xxl-job config init."); XxlJobSpringExecutor xxlJobSpringExecutor = new XxlJobSpringExecutor(); xxlJobSpringExecutor.setAdminAddresses(adminAddresses); xxlJobSpringExecutor.setAppname(appname); xxlJobSpringExecutor.setAddress(address); xxlJobSpringExecutor.setIp(ip); xxlJobSpringExecutor.setPort(port); xxlJobSpringExecutor.setAccessToken(accessToken); xxlJobSpringExecutor.setLogPath(logPath); xxlJobSpringExecutor.setLogRetentionDays(logRetentionDays); return xxlJobSpringExecutor; }}配置和类都弄好之后，重新启动应用，如果顺利的话，在XXL-Job管理的执行器界面上就可以看到一个执行器已经注册了，如下： 4. 注册XXL-Job任务以抖音热搜为例，我们最开始使用的是 @Scheduled注解，代码如下： /** * 定时触发爬虫方法，1个小时执行一次 */@Scheduled(fixedRate = 1000 * 60 * 60)public void hotSearch() throws IOException{ ... ...}将@Scheduled注解替换为@XxlJob("douyinHotSearchJob")，具体的代码如下： package com.summo.sbmy.job.douyin; import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONArray;import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;import com.google.common.collect.Lists;import com.summo.sbmy.dao.entity.SbmyHotSearchDO;import com.summo.sbmy.service.SbmyHotSearchService;import com.summo.sbmy.service.convert.HotSearchConvert;import com.xxl.job.core.biz.model.ReturnT;import com.xxl.job.core.handler.annotation.XxlJob;import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;import okhttp3.OkHttpClient;import okhttp3.Request;import okhttp3.Response;import org.apache.commons.collections4.CollectionUtils;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Scheduled;import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; import java.io.IOException;import java.util.List;import java.util.Random;import java.util.UUID;import java.util.stream.Collectors; import static com.summo.sbmy.common.cache.SbmyHotSearchCache.CACHE_MAP;import static com.summo.sbmy.common.enums.HotSearchEnum.DOUYIN; /** * @author summo * @version DouyinHotSearchJob.java, 1.0.0 * @description 抖音热搜Java爬虫代码 * @date 2024年08月09 */@Component@Slf4jpublic class DouyinHotSearchJob { @Autowired private SbmyHotSearchService sbmyHotSearchService; @XxlJob("douyinHotSearchJob") public ReturnTString hotSearch(String param) throws IOException { log.info("抖音热搜爬虫任务开始"); try { //查询抖音热搜数据 OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient().newBuilder().build(); Request request = new Request.Builder().url("https://www.iesdouyin.com/web/api/v2/hotsearch/billboard/word/").method("GET", null).build(); Response response = client.newCall(request).execute(); JSONObject jsonObject = JSONObject.parseObject(response.body().string()); JSONArray array = jsonObject.getJSONArray("word_list"); ListSbmyHotSearchDO sbmyHotSearchDOList = Lists.newArrayList(); for (int i = 0, len = array.size(); i i++) { //获取知乎热搜信息 JSONObject object = (JSONObject) array.get(i); //构建热搜信息榜 SbmyHotSearchDO sbmyHotSearchDO = SbmyHotSearchDO.builder().hotSearchResource(DOUYIN.getCode()).build(); //设置文章标题 sbmyHotSearchDO.setHotSearchTitle(object.getString("word")); //设置知乎三方ID sbmyHotSearchDO.setHotSearchId(getHashId(DOUYIN.getCode() + sbmyHotSearchDO.getHotSearchTitle())); //设置文章连接 sbmyHotSearchDO.setHotSearchUrl("https://www.douyin.com/search/" + sbmyHotSearchDO.getHotSearchTitle() + "?type=general"); //设置热搜热度 sbmyHotSearchDO.setHotSearchHeat(object.getString("hot_value")); //按顺序排名 sbmyHotSearchDO.setHotSearchOrder(i + 1); sbmyHotSearchDOList.add(sbmyHotSearchDO); } if (CollectionUtils.isEmpty(sbmyHotSearchDOList)) { return ReturnT.SUCCESS; } //数据加到缓存中 CACHE_MAP.put(DOUYIN.getCode(), sbmyHotSearchDOList.stream().map(HotSearchConvert::toDTOWhenQuery).collect(Collectors.toList())); //数据持久化 sbmyHotSearchService.saveCache2DB(sbmyHotSearchDOList); log.info("抖音热搜爬虫任务结束"); } catch (IOException e) { log.error("获取抖音数据异常", e); } return ReturnT.SUCCESS; } /** * 根据文章标题获取一个唯一ID * * @param title 文章标题 * @return 唯一ID */ private String getHashId(String title) { long seed = title.hashCode(); Random rnd = new Random(seed); return new UUID(rnd.nextLong(), rnd.nextLong()).toString(); } }在XXL-Job管理台的任务管理界面中点击新增任务，如下： 创建好任务后，我们可以手动运行一次，如下： 这样抖音的热搜任务我们就配置好了，其他的爬虫任务也是这样的配置。 四、热搜更新时间目前我们已经实现了三个热搜组件，百度、抖音、知乎，但是我们并不知道这些热搜是什么时候更新的，也不知道是不是实时的，所以我们需要把热搜更新时间放出来，大概下面这样子： 优化后组件代码如下： template el-card class="custom-card" v-loading="loading" template #header div class="card-title" img :src="icon" class="card-title-icon" / {{ title }}热榜 span class="update-time"{{ formattedUpdateTime }}/span /div /template div class="cell-group-scrollable" div v-for="item in hotSearchData" :key="item.hotSearchOrder" :class="getRankingClass(item.hotSearchOrder)" class="cell-wrapper" span class="cell-order"{{ item.hotSearchOrder }}/span span class="cell-title hover-effect" @click="openLink(item.hotSearchUrl)" {{ item.hotSearchTitle }} /span span class="cell-heat"{{ formatHeat(item.hotSearchHeat) }}/span /div /div /el-card/template scriptimport apiService from "@/config/apiService.js"; export default { props: { title: String, icon: String, type: String, }, data() { return { hotSearchData: [], updateTime: null, loading: false, }; }, created() { this.fetchData(this.type); }, computed: { formattedUpdateTime() { if (!this.updateTime) return ''; const updateDate = new Date(this.updateTime); const now = new Date(); const timeDiff = now - updateDate; const minutesDiff = Math.floor(timeDiff / 1000 / 60); if (minutesDiff 1) { return '刚刚更新'; } else if (minutesDiff 60) { return `${minutesDiff}分钟前更新`; } else if (minutesDiff 1440) { return `${Math.floor(minutesDiff / 60)}小时前更新`; } else { return updateDate.toLocaleString(); } }, }, methods: { fetchData(type) { this.loading = true; apiService .get("/hotSearch/queryByType?type=" + type) .then((res) = { this.hotSearchData = res.data.data.hotSearchDTOList; this.updateTime = res.data.data.updateTime; }) .catch((error) = { console.error(error); }) .finally(() = { this.loading = false; }); }, getRankingClass(order) { if (order === 1) return "top-ranking-1"; if (order === 2) return "top-ranking-2"; if (order === 3) return "top-ranking-3"; return ""; }, formatHeat(heat) { if (typeof heat === "string" && heat.endsWith("万")) { return heat; } let number = parseFloat(heat); if (isNaN(number)) { return heat; } if (number 1000) { return number.toString(); } if (number = 1000 && number 10000) { return (number / 1000).toFixed(1) + "k"; } if (number = 10000) { return (number / 10000).toFixed(1) + "万"; } }, openLink(url) { if (url) { window.open(url, "_blank"); } }, },};/script style scoped.custom-card { background-color: #ffffff; border-radius: 10px; box-shadow: 0 4px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); margin-bottom: 20px;}.custom-card:hover { box-shadow: 0 6px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.25);}.el-card__header { padding: 10px 18px; display: flex; justify-content: space-between; /* Added to space out title and update time */ align-items: center;}.card-title { display: flex; align-items: center; font-weight: bold; font-size: 16px; flex-grow: 1;}.card-title-icon { fill: currentColor; width: 24px; height: 24px; margin-right: 8px;}.update-time { font-size: 12px; color: #b7b3b3; margin-left: auto; /* Ensures it is pushed to the far right */}.cell-group-scrollable { max-height: 350px; overflow-y: auto; padding-right: 16px; flex: 1;}.cell-wrapper { display: flex; align-items: center; padding: 8px 8px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e8e8e8; }.cell-order { width: 20px; text-align: left; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700; margin-right: 8px; color: #7a7a7a; }.cell-heat { min-width: 50px; text-align: right; font-size: 12px; color: #7a7a7a;}.cell-title { font-size: 13px; color: #495060; line-height: 22px; flex-grow: 1; overflow: hidden; text-align: left; text-overflow: ellipsis; }.top-ranking-1 .cell-order { color: #fadb14; /* 金色 */}.top-ranking-2 .cell-order { color: #a9a9a9; /* 银色 */}.top-ranking-3 .cell-order { color: #d48806; /* 铜色 */}.cell-title.hover-effect { cursor: pointer; transition: color 0.3s ease; }.cell-title.hover-effect:hover { color: #409eff; }/style 优化后，我们看一下最终的样式，如下： ?这样，我们使用XXL-Job改造热搜组件就完成了，详细代码可以去看我的代码仓库。 ?番外：B站热搜爬虫1. 爬虫方案评估B站不是热搜，是热门视频， 但逻辑是一样的，它的接口是：https://api.bilibili.com/x/web-interface/ranking/v2 ?这个接口返回的是JSON格式数据，这就很简单了，看下结构就行。 ?2. 网页解析代码这个就可以使用Postman生成调用代码，流程我就不赘述了，直接上代码，BilibiliHotSearchJob： package com.summo.sbmy.job.bilibili; import java.io.IOException;import java.util.Calendar;import java.util.List;import java.util.stream.Collectors; import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONArray;import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject; import com.google.common.collect.Lists;import com.summo.sbmy.common.model.dto.HotSearchDetailDTO;import com.summo.sbmy.dao.entity.SbmyHotSearchDO;import com.summo.sbmy.service.SbmyHotSearchService;import com.summo.sbmy.service.convert.HotSearchConvert;import com.xxl.job.core.biz.model.ReturnT;import com.xxl.job.core.handler.annotation.XxlJob;import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;import okhttp3.OkHttpClient;import okhttp3.Request;import okhttp3.Response;import org.apache.commons.collections4.CollectionUtils;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; import static com.summo.sbmy.common.cache.SbmyHotSearchCache.CACHE_MAP;import static com.summo.sbmy.common.enums.HotSearchEnum.BILIBILI; /** * @author summo * @version BilibiliHotSearchJob.java, 1.0.0 * @description B站热榜Java爬虫代码 * @date 2024年08月19 */@Component@Slf4jpublic class BilibiliHotSearchJob { @Autowired private SbmyHotSearchService sbmyHotSearchService; @XxlJob("bilibiliHotSearchJob") public ReturnTString hotSearch(String param) throws IOException { log.info("B站热搜爬虫任务开始"); try { //查询B站热搜数据 OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient().newBuilder().build(); Request request = new Request.Builder().url("https://api.bilibili.com/x/web-interface/ranking/v2") .addHeader("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible)").addHeader("Cookie", "b_nut=1712137652; " + "buvid3=DBA9C433-8738-DD67-DCF5" + "-DDC780CA892052512infoc").method("GET", null).build(); Response response = client.newCall(request).execute(); JSONObject jsonObject = JSONObject.parseObject(response.body().string()); JSONArray array = jsonObject.getJSONObject("data").getJSONArray("list"); ListSbmyHotSearchDO sbmyHotSearchDOList = Lists.newArrayList(); for (int i = 0, len = array.size(); i i++) { //获取B站热搜信息 JSONObject object = (JSONObject)array.get(i); //构建热搜信息榜 SbmyHotSearchDO sbmyHotSearchDO = SbmyHotSearchDO.builder().hotSearchResource(BILIBILI.getCode()) .build(); //设置B站三方ID sbmyHotSearchDO.setHotSearchId(object.getString("aid")); //设置文章连接 sbmyHotSearchDO.setHotSearchUrl(object.getString("short_link_v2")); //设置文章标题 sbmyHotSearchDO.setHotSearchTitle(object.getString("title")); //设置作者名称 sbmyHotSearchDO.setHotSearchAuthor(object.getJSONObject("owner").getString("name")); //设置作者头像 sbmyHotSearchDO.setHotSearchAuthorAvatar(object.getJSONObject("owner").getString("face")); //设置文章封面 sbmyHotSearchDO.setHotSearchCover(object.getString("pic")); //设置热搜热度 sbmyHotSearchDO.setHotSearchHeat(object.getJSONObject("stat").getString("view")); //按顺序排名 sbmyHotSearchDO.setHotSearchOrder(i + 1); sbmyHotSearchDOList.add(sbmyHotSearchDO); } if (CollectionUtils.isEmpty(sbmyHotSearchDOList)) { return ReturnT.SUCCESS; } //数据加到缓存中 CACHE_MAP.put(BILIBILI.getCode(), HotSearchDetailDTO.builder() //热搜数据 .hotSearchDTOList( sbmyHotSearchDOList.stream().map(HotSearchConvert::toDTOWhenQuery).collect(Collectors.toList())) //更新时间 .updateTime(Calendar.getInstance().getTime()).build()); //数据持久化 sbmyHotSearchService.saveCache2DB(sbmyHotSearchDOList); log.info("B站热搜爬虫任务结束"); } catch (IOException e) { log.error("获取B站数据异常", e); } return ReturnT.SUCCESS; } }?看下效果，第一行的4个热搜已经出来了，如下： ? 点击关注公众号，“技术干货”及时达！